Recibimos ahora en noviembre (2016) la noticia del 80 aniversario del Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) que posteriormente se integró a la NASA y que era responsable de la exploración robótica del sistema solar.

   La curiosidad de la noticia es que en aquella época las computadoras en realidad eran mujeres talentosas que hacían todos los cálculos necesarios, pues las computadoras no eran suficientes confiables para que sus resultados pudieran ser utilizados.

   En los mismos testimoniamos esto cuando en 1969, en vísperas de colocar a un hombre en la luna, estudiando en la Escuela Politécnica de la Universidad de São Paulo, fuimos visitados por Werner Von Braun que estaba reclutando a estudiantes de todo el mundo para ayudar a conferir los cálculos hechos por los. los ordenadores, ya que todavía no eran totalmente confiables.

    Esto nos lleva a la discriminación que había en relación a la competencia de las mujeres tanto para ejercer cargos en que se exigía el conocimiento de la tecnología como habilidades de las matemáticas.

   En la edad media había un preconcepto tal sobre las capacidades de las mujeres que en las escuelas se enseñaban las cuatro operaciones para los niños, pero para las niñas sólo la suma y la sustracción pues la multiplicación y la división era muy "difícil" y ellas no lograrían aprender. ..

    Todo esto cambió y hoy cada vez más mujeres haciendo cortos en las áreas tecnológicas y matemáticas, con excelente desempeño.

    El hecho es que en aquella época, en 1936, cuando los primeros experimentos con cohetes eran hechos en los Estados Unidos, había un equipo de verdaderas computadoras humanas, mujeres que hacían todos los cálculos referentes a los lanzamientos de cohetes, consumo de combustible y mucho más.

   En la foto abajo el equipo de las "Computadoras" que usaban máquinas eléctricas de calcular, pues aún no había los ordenadores electrónicos que hoy son comunes.

 

Imagen: crédito NASA / JPL - Caltech - Equipo de
Imagen: crédito NASA / JPL - Caltech - Equipo de "mujeres computadoras" en 1936.

 

  Incluso en la época del Mariner 2 en 1962, Explorer 1 y otras misiones espaciales todavía había este equipo en la elaboración de los cálculos, proporcionando todos los datos necesarios para el éxito del emprendimiento. Reporte completo en: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2016/10/31/when-computers-were-human/?utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASA/JPL%20Edu&utm_content=edunews20161101

 

 

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