Este proyecto tiene por base el ART111S en que se describe el funcionamiento del circuito integrado µAA170, una escala de punto móvil.

Básicamente este proyecto está indicado para automóviles, ya que sirve para accionar el display de LEDs en función del nivel del combustible en el tanque.

Sin embargo, partiendo del mismo principio de funcionamiento, puede ser usado para indicar niveles de otros tipos de recipiente, incluso de uso industrial.

Los 16 LEDs darán entonces los niveles de combustibles en el tanque, con buena precisión y pocos elementos externos, aprovechando la propia boya y sensor del auto.

El sensor de nivel de combustible de los automóviles es un reóstato puesto a tierra en la configuración mostrada en la figura 1, controlando la corriente que circula por el instrumento.

 

Figura 1
Figura 1

 

Lo que hacemos en nuestro proyecto es desconectar el indicador original y formar con el reóstato un divisor de tensión que aplicará su serial al indicador de la placa base.

Damos dos versiones, una que elimina el indicador original, y otra, que debe ser experimentada en función del modelo de vehículo, que conserva el indicador original.

Para ésta, es importante verificar si en la gama de “tanque lleno” a “tanque vacío” la tensión en el sensor varía entre 0 y por lo menos 2 6 3 volts, lo que seria necesario para activar la escala de LEDs con buena precisión.

 

Montaje

En la figura 2 damos el circuito de la primera versión, observando-se que solamente se usan dos componentes externos, de ahí la necesidad de un diseño de placa o puente.

 

Figura 2
Figura 2

 

El resistor debe ser del 1 watt, pues por la corriente circulante tiende a calentarse ligeramente.

En la segunda versión la conexión es directa al sensor, debiendo apenas verificarse el nivel de tensión en los dos extremos de la posición de la boya.

Observamos que, para esta aplicación, la escala de LEDs operará invertida, o sea, el mayor nivel de tensión corresponde al tanque vacío. Así, la colocación de los LEDs debe ser previsto ya al montar la placa base.

Por ese motivo, los dos primeros LEDs de la derecha (15 y 16) serán los de “reserva" quedando los demás, amarillos, con puntos verdes para 1 /4, 1/2, 3/4 y tanque lleno. Se usan por lo tanto 2LED rojos, 4 verdes y 10 amarillos en la escala.

 

Prueba y uso

Se debe hacer la prueba instalando el circuito en el propio automóvil, conforme a la aplicación.

La boya debe ser retirada, pero conservada Ia conexión al chasis.

En la posición “lleno”, se ajusta el trimpot del límite inferior para que el LED correspondiente encienda. En la posición “vacío”, se hace el ajuste del trimpot del limite superior para que el LED correspondiente se encienda. La linealidad de la indicación dependerá de las características del sensor.

 

 

RI - 150 Ω x 1W- resistor de alambre

R2 – 10 k x 1/8W - resistor (marrón, negro, naranja)

Varios: alambres, soldadura, puente de terminales, caja para montaje, etc.

 

(Publicado originalmente en 1987)

 

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