El circuito que presentamos es el de una alarma de falta de luz, es decir, un circuito que produce una señal audible en un altavoz cuando un sensor deja de ser iluminado.

   Esta alarma se puede utilizar para diversos propósitos, como por ejemplo, para indicar la quema de lámparas en el sistema de iluminación ambiental, la presencia de personas en un pasaje, como sugiere la figura 1, y el propio oscurecimiento del ambiente al anochecer.

 

Figura 1 - La alarma
Figura 1 - La alarma

 

 

   En la figura 2 tenemos entonces el circuito completo de nuestra alarma que es alimentado por una fuente simétrica de 9 V.

 

 

Figura 2 - Circuito de la alarma
Figura 2 - Circuito de la alarma

 

 

   Esta fuente puede ser formada por dos baterías de 9 V conectadas como se muestra en la figura 3.

 

 

Figura 3 - Fuente simétrica de 9 V
Figura 3 - Fuente simétrica de 9 V

 

 

O si el lector desea, puede ser la fuente mostrada en la figura 4.

 

Figura 4 - otra fuente simétrica
Figura 4 - otra fuente simétrica

 

 

   El transformador utilizado en el caso tiene un primario de acuerdo con la red local y un secundario que proporciona una tensión de 9 V bajo una corriente de al menos 250 mA.

 

 

Cl - 741 o cualquiera de sus equivalentes

R1 - 470 k - trimpot

R2, R3 - 199 k x1 / 8 W - resistores (marrón, negro, amarillo)

R4 - 100 ohms x 1/4 W - resistor (marrón, negro, marrón)

C1 - 0,1 uF - capacitor de poliéster

C2 - 100 uF x 16 V - capacitor electrolítico

LDR - LDR común de cualquier tipo

FTE - altavoz de 8 ohms

Varios: placa de circuito impreso, fuente, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

 

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