Este emisor de ultrasonidos puede ser utilizado condicionamiento de animales, como espantapájaros y en otras aplicaciones. El circuito es alimentado por pilas medias, grandes o fuente de alimentación, según el uso.

   El circuito que presenta tiene una potencia de algunos vatios, pudiendo excitar un tweeter piezoeléctrico que tiene buen rendimiento hasta unos 25 kHz.

   Con eso, podemos alcanzar la banda inaudible para los humanos, pero dentro del alcance auditivo de muchos animales.

   El circuito utiliza componentes comunes y tiene un ajuste de frecuencia.

   El transistor puede ser sustituido por un power MOSFET y la alimentación hecha con 12 V para aumentar aún más la potencia de salida.

   Básicamente el circuito consiste en un oscilador elaborado alrededor de tres de las cuatro puertas NAND de un 4011.

   La cuarta puerta se utiliza como un amplificador digital que excita el transistor de salida.

   La frecuencia depende de C1 y del ajuste de P1.

 

Montaje

   En la figura 1 tenemos el diagrama completo del emisor.

 

   Figura 1 - Diagrama del emisor
   Figura 1 - Diagrama del emisor

 

   El montaje se puede realizar en una matriz de contactos si la finalidad del proyecto es experimental o didáctica, como muestra la figura 2.

 

   Figura 2 - Montaje en matriz de contactos
   Figura 2 - Montaje en matriz de contactos

 

   Para una versión definitiva, tenemos la placa de circuito impreso mostrada en la figura 3.

 

   Figura 3 - Placa de circuito impreso para el montaje
   Figura 3 - Placa de circuito impreso para el montaje

 

   En el montaje, observe la posición del circuito integrado y del transistor.

   Los resistores son de 1/8 W con cualquier tolerancia y el capacitor puede ser cerámico o de poliéster.

   Para alimentación utilice pilas medias o grandes, dado el consumo, siendo ideal el uso de fuente de al menos 300 mA.

   Para ajustar, encienda el aparato y gire P1 hasta que el sonido se vuelva muy agudo y luego desaparezca.

   

CI-1 - 4011 - circuito integrado

Q1 - BD135 o equivalente - transistores NPN de media potencia

FTE - 4 u 8 ohmios - tweeter piezoeléctrico

S1 - Interruptor simple

B1 - 6 V - pilas medias, grandes o fuentes

P1 - 47 k ohms - trimpot

R1 - 4k7 ohms - resistor - amarillo, violeta, rojo

R2 - 10 k ohms - resistor - marrón, negro, naranja

R3 - 1k2 ohms - resistor - marrón, rojo, rojo

Varios:

Placa de circuito impreso o matriz de contactos, soporte de pilas o fuente, hilos, soldadura, caja para montaje, etc.

 

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