Audion fue el nombre dado a la válvula desarrollada por Lee De Forest. Nada más que nuestro conocido triodo revolucionó la electrónica de principios del siglo pasado, por primera vez fue posible amplificar las señales eléctricas. En un artículo publicado en la revista Electrical Experimenter de mayo de 1919, encontramos circuitos con esta válvula, un receptor de 2 válvulas para escuchar con auriculares e mucho más.

Nota: Electrical Experimenter fue una de las muchas revistas publicadas por Hugo Gernsback, el precursor de DiY and Technology a principios del siglo pasado. Vea más sobre este hombre en nuestro artículo HIST011S.

   La válvula de triodo fue inventada por Lee de Forest, quien al agregar un tercer electrodo (rejilla) al diodo de Edison logró un dispositivo capaz de amplificar señales eléctricas.

   En los años 10 del siglo pasado (1910–2020) la válvula todavía era nueva, algo revolucionario que fue explorado en publicaciones técnicas como la revista Electrical Experimenter de Hugo Hernsback.

   En la figura 1 tenemos un circuito publicado en la edición principal de 1919.

 

Figura 1 - Receptor de doble válvula de 1919
Figura 1 - Receptor de doble válvula de 1919

 

Tenga en cuenta que se utilizaron fuentes independientes para la primera y segunda etapas de amplificación con la válvula. En el primero, el diodo recibió directamente la señal del circuito de sintonización, siendo acoplado por un condensador y la válvula realizó la detección.

   Un transformador transfirió la señal amplificada a la segunda etapa con una segunda válvula. La señal amplificada luego pasó al auricular de alta impedancia donde se reprodujo.

   Las tensiones utilizadas fueron altas, de 45 a 90 V y aún más de las baterías. La revista indicó que el circuito tuvo una ganancia de 1,000 veces, lo que fue mucho para la época.

   Un segundo circuito de una válvula solo mostraba un transmisor llamado "regenerativo" modulado directamente por un micrófono de carbono (figura 2).

 

Figura 2 - Un circuito transmisor regenerativo
Figura 2 - Un circuito transmisor regenerativo

 

   El componente unido al cátodo de la válvula parece ser un reóstato para controlar la polarización.

    

 

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