Imaginen, un circuito electrónico tan pequeño como la cabeza de un alfilo hecho de un material fantástico, llamado metamaterial, capaz de desviar los rayos de luz "al contrario" y permitir que la corriente eléctrica se propague a velocidades fantásticas. Con esta nueva tecnología, los chips comunes serán reemplazados por otros, hechos de esos materiales, posibilitando la construcción de computadoras millones de veces más rápidas que los actuales y mucho más. ¿Cómo eso es posible?

   En un chip común, como los usados en las computadoras de hoy, las velocidades de operación son muy grandes, porque las corrientes eléctricas en el interior del material de que se hacen, el silicio, tienen que recorrer distancias muy pequeñas. En realidad, las cadenas en los chips son lentas, del orden de unos pocos centímetros por segundo, pero aún así, es posible realizar millones o incluso miles de millones de operaciones por segundos. Esta baja velocidad de las corrientes en los chips es hoy la principal limitación para la creación de ordenadores más rápidos.

   Sin embargo, científicos descubrieron que es posible crear ondas de electrones que en lugar de recorrer los circuitos de los chips por dentro del material, lo hacen por su superficie, como las olas en la superficie de un lago. No teniendo los mismos obstáculos internos que las corrientes internas encuentran, las olas son millones de veces más rápidas, pues se propagan a la velocidad de la luz. Los científicos denominaron esas ondas de "plasmones" y una nueva ciencia surge con posibilidad de sustituir la vieja electrónica: la plasmónica.

   Para que nuevas aplicaciones sean posibles usando esas ondas, sin embargo nuevos materiales tienen que ser creados y nuevamente los científicos entraron en acción con los denominados "metamateriales". Estos materiales poseen propiedades fantásticas como la de deflexionar un rayo de luz "al contrario", pues presentan lo que hasta entonces en la física era considerado imposible: tienen un índice de refracción negativo.

   Juntando los metamateriales con la plasmónica ya fue posible construir un transistor que es 400 000 veces más rápido que el más rápido de los transistores usados hoy en los chips de las computadoras actuales! Con un chip usando esta tecnología será posible tener ordenadores miles de veces más rápidos que los actuales, además de aumentar en una proporción fantástica la velocidad de todo lo que depende de la transmisión y el procesamiento de datos.

   Es posible, por ejemplo, con la mayor facilidad, tener imágenes de alta definición en tiempo real en el móvil o enviar y recibir archivos por Internet con una velocidad fantástica. Su computadora va a cargar Windows en fracción de segundo, evitando aquella espera tediosa que hoy ocurre hasta que esté listo para funcionar. Y, más que eso, usted podrá ver o descargar los programas de TVSPL en fracción de segundo y verlos con imagen de alta definición y sonido estéreo, sin problemas ...

 

(*) Artículo Publicado originalmente en Periódicos en julio de 2007. El artículo, sin embargo todavía es actual, pues cada día se descubren nuevos descubrimientos en este campo.

 

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