El circuito mostrado en la figura 1 hace que un LED se encienda o un relé cierra sus contactos cuando el sonido es captado por el micrófono.

 

Figura 1
Figura 1

 

 

Usando un relé, podemos usar el circuito como "vox" o sea, una llave que conecta un grabador u otro equipo en función del sonido ambiente.

La sensibilidad del circuito es controlada por el potenciómetro de realimentación.

El micrófono utilizado es del tipo dinámico de baja impedancia (100 a 600 ohms) y el relé debe tener tensión de bobina de acuerdo con la tensión de alimentación.

El capacitor C3 sirve para evitar repiques del relé, filtrando pequeñas oscilaciones de sonido que no deben actuar sobre el circuito. Su valor puede quedar entre 10 nF y 1 uF.

El micrófono debe instalarse cerca del circuito. Si se instala a más de 1 metros se debe utilizar un cable blindado para su conexión.

En la figura 2 tenemos una sugerencia de placa de circuito impreso para su montaje.

 

 


 

 

Como en espera, el consumo es muy bajo, se pueden utilizar pilas o baterías en la fuente de alimentación.

Si se utiliza una fuente externa, su filtrado debe ser excelente para que los roncos de la red de energía no provoquen el accionamiento aleatorio del circuito.

 

 

CI-1 - CA3140 - amplificador operacional - circuito integrado

CI-2 - 4093 - circuito integrado CMOS

Q1 - BC548 o equivalente - transistores NPN de uso general

D1 - 1N4148 - diodo de uso general

LED1 - LED rojo común

R1 - 100 k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - marrón, negro, amarillo

R2 - 1 M ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - marrón, negro, verde

R3 - 1 k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - marrón, negro, rojo

P1 - 4,7 M ohms - potenciómetro

C1 - 10 nF - capacitor de cerámica o poliéster

C2 - ver texto - 10 nF a 1 uF

C3 - 100 uF x 12 V - capacitor electrolítico

S1 - Interruptor simple

MIC - micrófono dinámico de 100 a 600 ohms

B1 - 6 a 12 V - pilas o batería

Varios:

Placa de circuito impreso, soporte para pilas o conector de batería, caja para montaje, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

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