Esta fuente es ideal para pruebas y reparaciones en equipos de sonido automotriz de media y baja potencia, con una corriente máxima de 4 A. Incluso los de mayor potencia pueden ser probados, siempre que el volumen máximo no esté abierto. La fuente utiliza pocos componentes comunes.

Esta simple fuente de alimentación estabilizada puede proporcionar tensiones en el rango de 12 a 13,6 V, que es la tensión de la batería de coches, siendo por lo tanto ideal para la bancada del profesional de reparación.

Los aparatos de sonido con potencias de hasta 20 W pueden probarse directamente sin problemas.

Los aparatos con potencias mayores pueden probarse siempre que el volumen no esté totalmente abierto, requiriendo corrientes que la fuente no puede suministrar.

El circuito utiliza tres transistores en una etapa de regulación y la tensión de salida es determinada por el diodo zener.

El valor mayor del zener está justificado por la caída de tensión que ocurre en los empalmes emisor-base de los transistores.

En la figura 1 tenemos entonces el diagrama completo de la fuente.

 

Figura 1 - Diagrama de la fuente
Figura 1 - Diagrama de la fuente | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

Como se trata de montaje no muy complejo y ni crítico, puede ser implementado en un puente de terminales conforme a la disposición de componentes mostrada en la figura 2.

 

Figura 2 - Montaje en puente de terminales
Figura 2 - Montaje en puente de terminales | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

Los dos transistores de potencia deben ser montados en disipadores de calor, siendo el mayor colocado en Q3.

El transformador tiene secundario de 3 o 4 A, siendo este componente el responsable de la corriente máxima de salida.

El circuito no está protegido, lo que significa que cortos en la entrada pueden ser peligrosos para los transistores y para el propio transformador, y el lector debe estar atento a cualquier señal de calentamiento excesivo.

En la salida se utilizan garras, roja y negra, para alimentar el circuito en prueba.

 

Q1 - BC547 - transistores NPN de uso general

Q2 - TIP31 - transistores NPN de potencia

Q3 - 2N3055 - transistores NPN de potencia

D1, D2 - 1N5402 - diodos rectificadores

Z1 - Zener de 15 V 1 W

LED - LED común de cualquier color

T1 - Transformador con secundario de 15 + 15 V x 3 o 4 A

F1 - Fusible de 2 A

R1 - 2k7 x 1/8 W - resistor - rojo, violeta, rojo

R2 - 3,3k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - naranja, naranja, rojo

C1 - 4 700 uF x 25 V - capacitor electrolítico

C2 - 100 uF x 25 V - capacitor electrolítico

C3 - 1 000 uF x 25 V - capacitor electrolítico

S1 - Interruptor simple

 

Varios:

Puente de terminales o placa de circuito impreso, cable de fuerza, soporte para el fusible, garras, disipadores de calor, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

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