Este artículo forma parte de un libro que el lector puede bajar gratuitamente en este sitio (El Básico de la Reparación). En esta sección los artículos se separan por tipos de defectos.

 

Motorboating

   El "motorboating" o ruido de barco es un defecto que aparece en los radios transistorizados y grabadores de pilas en vista de la resistencia interna de la pila que ocurre con su desgaste. En algunos casos el problema se acentúa de modo que una pequeña caída de tensión en las pilas ya causa este problema.

   Normalmente el defecto se acompaña de pérdida de sensibilidad o volumen y una distorsión leve en el volumen máximo, lo que indica que realmente se trata de un problema de alimentación.

   La prueba de las pilas se puede realizar con el multímetro, de la siguiente manera:

   Las pilas pequeñas, grandes y medianas deben tener la tensión medida bajo carga, es decir, con la conexión en una lámpara pila de agua de 1,5 V, cuando entonces la tensión medida debe quedar obligatoriamente por encima de 1,2 V (fig 1 ).

 

 


 

 

   Tensiones más pequeñas indican realmente que las pilas son malas. En el caso de una batería formada por 4 pilas una de ellas sólo está mal, su resistencia interna elevada puede provocar el fenómeno de "motorboating", perjudicando el funcionamiento de un radito.

   En los casos en que el problema es acentuado, incluso con pilas en condiciones razonables, la corrección puede hacerse añadiendo un capacitor de desacoplamiento de fuente. Este es un capacitor de 100 uF conectado en paralelo con la fuente. Utilice un electrolítico de 6 V o más, justo después del interruptor general, obedeciendo la polaridad, entre los hilos positivo y negativo de la fuente (fig 2).

 


 

 

    Este capacitor mejorará el receptor o grabador, desacoplando la fuente y evitando las oscilaciones.

Este capacitor mejorará el receptor o grabador, desacoplando la fuente y evitando las oscilaciones.

 

 

 

 

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