Hay una diferencia básica entre los sistemas de control servo y paso a paso (stepper): el uso de retroalimentación. Los servos tienen un codificador de posición conectado al motor de accionamiento que reporta la posición real del eje del motor al controlador. Si existen errores de posicionamiento, el servo-controlador puede tomar medidas correctivas para asegurarse de que el motor se mueve a la posición correcta.

   En comparación, los controladores paso a paso sólo pueden emitir un comando de movimiento, y simplemente debe esperar que el motor sea capaz de seguirlo. Usted no tiene manera de estar seguro de que el motor realmente ha alcanzado la posición deseada. La presencia de retroalimentación en un sistema de servo-controlador da lugar a varios beneficios, enumerados a continuación.

 

1. No hay pulsos perdidos. Los servo sistemas saben exactamente dónde está el motor en todo momento, por lo que todos los comandos de paso se ejecutan.

 

2. Torque completo a altas velocidades. El par motor del motor paso a paso disminuye a medida que aumenta la velocidad del motor, debido a las constantes eléctricas de tiempo ya la mala utilización de la corriente. Los servomotores no tienen este problema y pueden generar par completo a altas revoluciones.

 

3. Operación silenciosa, lisa. Los sistemas de servo son intrínsecamente suaves debido a sus altas resoluciones de encoder-normalmente por lo menos diez veces más finas que el número de posiciones de un motor paso a paso por revolución.

 

4. Corriente de retención cero. Los motores paso a paso deben tener altas corrientes aplicadas en todo momento, incluso estando estacionarias, con poca o ninguna carga. Los sistemas de servo sólo consiguen potencia cuando se requiere, y el drenaje de potencia es proporcional al par de carga aplicado al motor.

 

5. Micro-paso verdadero. La resolución del motor paso a paso se puede incrementar mediante un proceso, denominado microstepping, en el que se aplican corrientes a los devanados del motor en proporción a la posición deseada entre etapas normales.

 

 

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