La prueba de los circuitos integrados 555 se puede hacer con facilidad con la configuración que presentamos. El simple circuito descrito se puede montar con un zócalo de modo que la prueba sea hecha por el encaje del CI. Se trata de algo de utilidad si el lector utiliza bastante este circuito integrado en sus proyectos y montajes.

Pocos circuitos integrados son tan usados como el 555.

Siempre que necesitamos un temporizador, un oscilador o un generador de formas de onda este componente pronto se le recuerda.

Sin embargo, como en el caso de la mayoría de los circuitos integrados comunes sólo existe un medio de probar si un 555 está bien: elaborando un circuito típico en el que funcione.

Es lo que proponemos aquí: un circuito que el lector puede dejar listo, excepto por el 555 que será encajado en el soporte apropiado para la prueba.

Si el circuito está bien dos LED parpadean alternativamente y si no está los LED o se encienden ambos o ninguno de ellos, según el tipo de defecto.

 

COMO FUNCIONA

Lo que tenemos es un circuito en el que el 555 en prueba debe funcionar como un oscilador de baja frecuencia.

Esta frecuencia será determinada por el ajuste de P1 y también por R1, R2 y C1.

Esta frecuencia, del orden de fracción de hertz hasta algunos hertzios, hace que dos LEDs conectados a la salida del 555 parpadean alternativamente cuando se desplaza.

Con la salida en el nivel bajo se enciende el LED1 y con la salida en el nivel alto se enciende el LED2.

Si el circuito integrado no está bien, los LED no parpadearán.

 

MONTAJE

En la figura 1 tenemos el diagrama completo del aparato.

 

 

Figura 1
Figura 1

 

 

En la figura 2 tenemos la disposición de los componentes en una placa de circuito impreso.

 

Figura 2
Figura 2

 

 

Para encajar el circuito integrado usamos un zócalo DIL de 8 pines, buscando tener cuidado de marcar la posición del pin 1, pues si se ajusta incorrectamente el circuito indicará que se encuentra mal, aunque no esté.

Otra posibilidad consiste en el montaje de este circuito de prueba en una matriz de contactos o en una placa de circuito impreso universal.

Los LED pueden ser rojos o de cualquier color común y los demás componentes tienen sus especificaciones mínimas de tensión, tolerancia y disipación dadas en la lista de materiales.

El conjunto cabe fácilmente en una caja plástica y puede ser alimentado tanto por pilas o una batería como puede tener bornes para conexión en una fuente.

Otra posibilidad es el montaje del circuito en una matriz de contactos si el lector no desea tener la configuración lista para uso siempre.

  

PRUEBA Y USO

Para probar el circuito basta encajar un buen 555 en el soporte y ajustar P1 para que los LED parpadeen alternativamente a la frecuencia deseada.

Para usar es sólo encajar el circuito integrado 555 sospechoso en el zócalo, observando su posición, y comprobar si los LED parpadean alternativamente.

 

Importante: el circuito sólo sirve para probar 555 comunes y 555 CMOS.

 

 

 

 

Semiconductores:

LED1, LED2 - LED rojo o de cualquier color común

 

Resistores: (1/8 W, 5%)

R1 - 4,7 k ohms - amarillo, violeta, rojo

R2 - 10 k ohms - marrón, negro, naranja

R3, R4 - 1 k ohms - marrón, negro, rojo

 

Capacitores:

C1 - 10 uF a 47 uF / 12 V - electrolítico

C2 - 100 uF / 12 V - electrolítico

 

Varios:

S1 - Interruptor simple

B1 - 9 V - batería, pilas o fuente

 

Placa de circuito impreso, zócalo DIL de 8 patillas, conector de batería o para fuente, caja para montaje, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

 

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