Los inyectores de señales son instrumentos de gran utilidad en la prueba de circuitos electrónicos que trabajan con etapas amplificadoras de señales de audio y de alta frecuencia tales como radios, intercomunicadores, amplificadores de sonido, escritorios electrónicos, amplificadores de computadoras y muchos otros El inyector que describimos utiliza sólo un circuito integrado y proporciona señales de buena intensidad con la alimentación a partir de 4 pilas pequeñas comunes.

La corriente drenada por el circuito que describimos es muy baja, lo que garantiza una excelente durabilidad para las pilas.

La señal producida es rectangular, con frecuencia alrededor de 1 kHz, rico en armónicos que se extienden más allá del rango de FM, haciendo el circuito útil en una gama muy grande de aplicaciones en receptores.

En la figura 1 tenemos el diagrama completo del inyector de señales.

 

Figura1
Figura1

 

 

La placa de circuito para su montaje se muestra en la figura 2.

 

 

Figura 2
Figura 2

 

 

El único resistor utilizado en este proyecto no es crítico, pudiendo asumir valores entre 10 k ohms y 100 k ohms.

El mejor valor se obtiene experimentalmente en función de la frecuencia de la señal y se va a generar.

Los capacitores C1 y C2 pueden ser de cualquier tipo y sus valores tampoco son críticos, pudiendo ser alterados en una amplia gama de valores.

Las puntas de prueba son comunes y hasta pueden tener una fabricación casera, utilizando para este propósito dos clavos grandes.

Para probar el inyector es sólo aplicar su señal en la entrada de cualquier amplificador de audio o incluso en la antena de una radio AM o FM portátil común.

Con la aplicación de la señal, se debe tener la reproducción del tono de audio en el altavoz del aparato probado.

Comprobado el funcionamiento es sólo cerrar el aparato en una caja plástica y utilizarlo de la forma convencional.

 

Nota: En diversos artículos que publicamos, explicamos detalladamente cómo utilizar un inyector de señales.

 

Básicamente este procedimiento consiste en inyectar la señal en las diversas etapas de los aparatos verificando si ocurre la reproducción.

Si la reproducción no ocurre es señal de que el paso tiene problemas de funcionamiento pudiendo aislarse para probar sus componentes.

 

 

Semiconductores:

CI-1 - 4093 - circuito integrado CMOS

 

Resistores: (1/8 W, 5%)

R1 - 47 k ohms - amarillo, violeta, naranja - ver texto

 

Capacitores:

C1 - 47 nF - cerámico o poliéster - ver el texto

C2 - 22 nF - cerámico o poliéster

C3 - 100 uF x 6 V - electrolítico

 

Varios:

S1 - Interruptor simple

B1 - 6 V - 4 pilas pequeñas

PP1, PP2 - Extremidades de prueba - ver el texto

G1 - Garra cocodrilo para encaje en una de las puntas de prueba

 

Placa de circuito impreso, soporte de pilas, caja para montaje, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

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