Los inversores actuales que convertían los 12 V de una batería en alta tensión para alimentar una carga de corriente continua o alterna tenían antes de la llegada de los semiconductores que estudiamos, un equivalente electromecánico.

Este mismo componente también se encontró en vehículos de la primera mitad del siglo XX, cuyo propósito era obtener alta tensión para circuitos de tubos como radios, equipos de comunicación, etc.

Este extraño componente en nuestros días era el vibrador.

En los vehículos anteriores a la era de los transistores, las radios estaban todavía en válvulas, lo que significaba que necesitaban tensiones de cientos de volts para funcionar, diferentes de los 6 o 12 V suministrados por las baterías de los coches de la época.

Cómo conseguir este alto tensión fue un problema resuelto con un componente muy interesante, totalmente electromecánico, ya que en ese momento no era posible depender de componentes de estado sólido.

Ese componente era el vibrador. Un sistema electromecánico que rápidamente vibraba un conjunto de contactos que, abriendo y cerrando el circuito de un transformador generó una alta tensión.

En la figura 1 tenemos un circuito de un vibrador de tipo interruptor obtenido en una edición de Radiotron Handbook edición de 1953, utilizado en coches de la época.

 

Figura 1 -  Vibrador tipo interruptor.
Figura 1 - Vibrador tipo interruptor.

 

 

En este circuito la acción de la bobina interna hace que los contactos vibren induciendo a un transformador externo una alta tensión.

No es necesario decir que es un dispositivo ruidoso capaz de generar muchas interferencias en los sistemas eléctricos cercanos.

La recuperación de un vibrador se puede hacer abriendo su cubierta metálica y limpiando sus contactos.

En la figura 2 tenemos algunos vibradores que todavía se pueden obtener en casas especializadas en piezas para coches antiguos como anuncios en Internet.

 

Figura 2 – Vibradores comerciales que se pueden comprar incluso hoy en las tiendas de piezas de coleccionista
Figura 2 – Vibradores comerciales que se pueden comprar incluso hoy en las tiendas de piezas de coleccionista

 

 

En el circuito completo de la fuente de alimentación con el vibrador de la figura 3 contamos con los componentes utilizados en la sustentación de los ruidos, en el caso de capacitores de mica e inductores. En la actualidad, en la recuperación se pueden utilizar capacitadores cerámicos.

 

Figura 3 – Fuente completa con vibrador de una edición 1953 del manual de Teletron.
Figura 3 – Fuente completa con vibrador de una edición 1953 del manual de Teletron.

 

 

Los circuitos similares a esto se pueden encontrar en el antiguos equipos de uso móvil donde hay una necesidad de altas tensiones para las válvulas u otros dispositivos.

Es evidente que los lectores con habilidad, que desean sustituir el vibrador por un moderno inversor de circuito electrónico, existen esta posibilidad que se muestra en la figura 4.

 

Figura 4 – Inversor electrónico que sustituye a la moto vibradores
Figura 4 – Inversor electrónico que sustituye a la moto vibradores

 

 

En este circuito los transistores deben estar equipados con disipadores de calor.

El transistor tiene una bobina de 6 V o 12 V con 800 mA a 1 A de bobinado primario de corriente y alto tensión de 110 V o 220 V.

P1 debe ajustarse para obtener el mejor rendimiento.

En la figura 5 radios de radios antiguos que utilizan vibradores.

 

 

Figura 5 – Radios en coche ha existido desde 1922. En la foto dos curiosos modelos antiguos obtenidos en Internet utilizando válvulas y vibradores.
Figura 5 – Radios en coche ha existido desde 1922. En la foto dos curiosos modelos antiguos obtenidos en Internet utilizando válvulas y vibradores.

 

 

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