La temperatura de un cuerpo es medida por el grado de agitación de sus partículas. Cuando aplicamos calor a un cuerpo, ese calor sirve para agitar sus partículas (átomos) lo que se traduce en lo que denominamos temperatura. Hay varias escalas de temperatura, como Celsius, Farenheit, Reamur, etc, pero ellas no se basan en el movimiento absoluto de las partículas, sino que toman como referencia la temperatura de algún fenómeno que puede ser reproducido en el laboratorio como la fusión del hielo o la ebullición del agua. Una escala de temperatura más apropiada es la que toma como referencia el movimiento absoluto de las partículas y esa es la escala Kelvin o Escala de Grados Absolutos. Así, en esa escala el cero es ausencia total de movimiento de agitación de las partículas. Como no hay movimiento más lento que el parado, ese punto representa la temperatura más baja que puede existir, o sea, el cero absoluto. Esto ocurre a una temperatura en la escala Celsius de -273º. A partir de ese punto, los grados de esa escala se dividen de la misma forma que en la escala Celsius, de modo que el punto de fusión del hielo, o sea, el 0o de la escala Celsius corresponde a 273º K. El punto de ebullición del agua corresponde a 373º K. En la figura 1 un termómetro graduado en la escala Kelvin comparado a un termómetro con escala Celsius y otro en la escala Farenheit.


 

 

 

 

 

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