Los hilos esmaltados o "magnéticos" como también se llaman, están formados por un conductor de cobre recubierto por una fina película de esmalte que sirve de aislante. Estos hilos se emplean normalmente en la bobina de bobina sirviendo para la fabricación de choques, inductores, transformadores, bobinas, motores, etc. (figura 1).


 

 

 

 

   Los hilos esmaltados se encuentran en diversos diámetros que determinan sus características eléctricas. El tipo de hilo esmaltado en función de su espesor es dado por un número el cual es estandarizado siendo adoptado el estándar AWG (American Wire Gauge) y también es norma métrica.

   Para utilizar el hilo esmaltado es necesario recordar que el mismo posee una capa de esmalte aislante. Esto significa que, en el lugar en que se debe hacer su soldadura, la capa debe ser siempre removida raspando el hilo con una lámina si es suficientemente grueso, o aún pasando una lija si es muy fina.

  A continuación, damos una tabla de hilos esmaltados en los que citamos su número, su diámetro, su sección en milímetros cuadrados (mm2), el peso por kilómetro, su resistencia en ohmios por kilómetro, y su capacidad de corriente. Esta última información es de utilidad cuando deseamos usar pedazos de hilos esmaltados como fusibles (ver fusibles).

   Las dos primeras informaciones (diámetro y sección transversal) son especialmente importantes para la determinación del tamaño de bobinas, mientras que la información de peso por kilómetro es útil en la determinación de la cantidad de hilo que debe ser usada en una aplicación.

   La resistencia en ohmios por metro tiene su utilidad en la determinación de la resistencia óhmica de una bobina y consecuentemente impedancia, pues esa grandeza es determinada por la suma vectorial de la resistencia ohmica con la reactancia.

Tabla de Hilos Esmaltados - Estándar Annealed Copper Wire (AWG y B & S)

 

AWGDiámetro(mm)Sección( mm2)Resistencia (ohms/km)000011.86107,20.15800010.4085.30.197009.22667.430.25208.25253.480.31717.34842.410.4026.54433.630.5035.82726.670.6345.18921.150.8054.62116.771.0164.11510.551.2773.66510.551.7083.2648.362.0392.9066.632.56102.5885.263.23112.3054.174.07122.0533.315.13131.8282.636.49141.6282.088.17151.4501.6510.3161.2911.3112.9171.1501.0416.34181.0240.8220.73190.91160.6526.15200.81180.5232.69210.72300.4141.46220.64380.3351.5230.57330.2656.4240.51060.2085.0250.45470.16106.2260.40490.13130.7270.36060.10170,0280.32110.08212.5290.28590.064265.6300.25460.051333.3310.22680.040425.0320.20190.032531.2330.17980.0254669.3340.16010.0201845.8350.14260.01591,069360.12700.01271,339370.11310.01001,700380.10070.00792,152390.08970.00632,669400.07990.00503,400410.07110.00404,250420.06330.00325,312430.05640.00256,800440/05030.00208,500

 

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