Este artículo forma parte de un libro que el lector puede bajar gratuitamente en este sitio (El Básico de la Reparación). En esta sección los artículos se separan por tipos de defectos.

 

Eliminadores de pilas

    Los eliminadores de pilas son aparatos que sustituyen el uso de pilas por la conexión directa de radares, grabadores y otros aparatos en la propia red de alimentación. Podemos decir que son "fuentes de alimentación" propias para alimentar pequeños aparatos electrónicos.

   En la figura 1 tenemos un circuito típico de eliminador de pilas sin regulación.

 


 

 

   El transformador reduce la tensión de la red local a 4,5 o 5 V aproximadamente, pero aún alternante.

   La capacidad de corriente del transformador debe ajustarse al consumo del aparato a ser alimentado. Damos a continuación algunos consumos típicos de aparatos domésticos con los que se puede utilizar una fuente:

Radiador de 4 pilas pequeñas - 100 mA

Radio de 4 pilas medias - 200 mA

Grabadora de cassette - 250 mA

Radio de 4 pilas grandes - 500 mA

Tocadiscos con salida de 4 W - 1 A

Radio de coche - 1 A o más - según la potencia

Calculadora de 4 pilas pequeñas (LED) - 100 mA

Calculadora de 4 pilas pequeñas (cristal líquido) - 10 mA

Walkman - 100 mA

    Entonces, cuando se utiliza un transformador de 500 mA podemos alimentar los aparatos de pilas, y uno de 1 A los de alimentación por batería, aunque en ellos la tensión sea de 12 V.

   En la parte práctica de este libro daremos dos proyectos de eliminadores de pilas.

   Los diodos del circuito tienen por función hacer la rectificación, obteniendo así corriente continua de la alimentación alterna.

 

 

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